Intestines
Constipation
Hard, infrequent or difficult stools, usually from low fibre, low water, inactivity or medicines.
Common symptoms
- Fewer than 3 stools a week
- Straining
- Feeling that the bowel has not emptied
Causes and risk factors
- Too little fibre and water
- Little physical activity
- Medicines such as iron, calcium and some painkillers
- Thyroid problems, diabetes and pregnancy
- IBS, and problems with the pelvic floor muscles
How it is diagnosed
Most people need no tests. Blood tests or a colonoscopy are advised for new constipation after 45, blood in the stool, weight loss or a family history of bowel cancer.
Treatment
More fibre, water and movement, a regular toilet routine, and safe laxatives when needed.
Procedures that may help
Diet guide: Constipation
Eat more
- 25 to 30 grams of fibre a day, increased slowly
- Fruits with peel: guava, pear, apple; and papaya
- Whole grains, dal and vegetables
- Water to keep urine pale yellow
- Daily walking or exercise
Cut down
- Maida and packaged snacks
- Skipping breakfast
- Holding back the urge to pass stool
- Long-term use of strong laxatives without advice
Good to know
- Sit on the toilet after breakfast, with feet on a small stool
- Isabgol works only with enough water
- New constipation after 45 or blood in stool should be checked
When to see a gastroenterologist
New constipation after age 45, blood in the stool, weight loss, or no improvement with simple measures.
Common questions
Do I need to pass stool every day?
No. Anything from three times a day to three times a week can be normal, as long as it is comfortable.
Are laxatives harmful?
Gentle laxatives are safe when needed. Strong laxatives taken daily for a long time should be reviewed with a doctor.