Intestines
Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) the immune system inflames the bowel. It is becoming more common in India and is often first mistaken for an infection or TB.
Common symptoms
- Loose motions with blood or mucus for weeks
- Belly pain and weight loss
- Urgency, or waking at night to pass stool
Causes and risk factors
- The immune system attacking the bowel lining
- Family history
- Environmental factors such as diet and smoking (for Crohn's)
- Not caused by stress or food alone, though both can trigger flares
How it is diagnosed
Colonoscopy with biopsies confirms it. Stool calprotectin, blood tests and MRI or CT scans of the small bowel show how active it is. Intestinal TB is ruled out before starting some treatments.
Treatment
Colonoscopy with biopsy confirms it. Modern medicines control the inflammation and keep most people well for long periods.
Procedures that may help
When to see a gastroenterologist
Bloody loose motions lasting more than two weeks.
Common questions
Is IBD the same as IBS?
No. IBD causes real inflammation and damage in the bowel; IBS does not. They are treated very differently.
Can people with IBD lead a normal life?
Yes. With regular treatment, most people work, travel and have families. Pregnancy should be planned with your doctor.