Food pipe & stomach
H. pylori, gastritis & ulcers
H. pylori is a common stomach infection that can cause inflammation and ulcers. Painkillers such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and aspirin are another frequent cause.
Common symptoms
- Burning or gnawing pain in the upper belly
- Pain that changes with meals
- Nausea or feeling full quickly
- Black stools, which mean bleeding
Causes and risk factors
- H. pylori infection, often picked up in childhood
- Painkillers such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and aspirin
- Smoking and heavy alcohol use
- Severe illness or major surgery (stress ulcers)
How it is diagnosed
H. pylori is confirmed with a urea breath test, a stool test, or a biopsy taken during endoscopy. An endoscopy is advised for warning signs or ulcer bleeding.
Treatment
A breath, stool or biopsy test confirms H. pylori. About two weeks of combined medicines usually clears it. Stopping the painkiller lets the stomach heal.
Procedures that may help
When to see a gastroenterologist
Upper belly pain lasting more than a few weeks. Any black stool or vomiting of blood needs care the same day.
Common questions
Do I need a test after treatment?
Yes. A breath or stool test at least 4 weeks after finishing the antibiotics confirms the infection has cleared.
Is H. pylori infectious?
It spreads within families, mostly in childhood, through food, water and saliva. Family members without symptoms usually do not need routine testing.